ႏွင္းခူေရာဂါ ဟာ အျဖစ္ မ်ားေသာ အေရျပား ေရာင္ရမ္း နာေရာဂါ မ်ား ထဲမွ တစ္မ်ဳိး အပါ အ၀င္ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္.. အမ်ဳိးသမီး မ်ားတြင္ အျဖစ္ မ်ားျပီး အမ်ား အားျဖင့္ အသက္ ၁၅ ႏွစ္နဲ႔ ၄၉ ႏွစ္ၾကား အေတြ႔ မ်ားပါတယ္.. ႏွင္းခူ ကို အျဖစ္မ်ား မႈေပၚ မူတည္ျပီး အဓိက အားျဖင့္ (၄) မ်ဳိး ခြဲျခား ထားပါတယ္..

1. Atopic Eczema
   • အျဖစ္ အမ်ားဆံုး အမ်ဳိး အစားျဖစ္ျပီး မိသားစုတြင္း ပန္းနာေရာဂါ၊ ေဟးဖီဗာ (Hay Fever) စသည့္ ဓါတ္မတည့္ ေရာဂါ ႐ွိသူမ်ား မွာ ျဖစ္ပြားတတ္ ၾကပါတယ္.. ဦးေရျပား၊ လည္ပင္း၊ တံေတာင္ဆစ္၊ ဒူးေခါင္း ေနာက္ပိုင္း၊ တင္ပ ဆံုတို႔ တြင္ ယားယံ ေသာ အနီကြက္ မ်ား ထြက္ေပၚ လာတတ္ ပါတယ္...
2. Contact Eczema
   • ဒီအမ်ဳိး အစားဟာ ဓါတ္မ တည့္ ဓာတု ပစၥည္း မ်ားထိေတြ႔ မိျခင္း ေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္ေပၚ လာတတ္ ပါတယ္.. အဆိပ္ ႐ွိ ႏြယ္ပင္မ်ား၊ နီကယ္လ္ သတၱဳ မ်ား စသည္ ကဲ့သို႔ allergic substance မ်ား နဲ႔ ၾကာ႐ွည္စြာ ထိေတြ႔ ျခင္း၊ ဆပ္ျပာ ရည္ အျခား ေခ်း ခၽြတ္ေဆး စသည့္ irritant substance မ်ား ထိေတြ႔ မိျခင္း တို႔ေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္ေပၚ လာတတ္ ပါတယ္..
3. Xerotic Eczema
   • ဒီအမ်ဳိး အစားဟာ ဆိုရင္ အသားအေရ ေျခာက္ေသြ႔ သူမ်ားမွာ ျဖစ္တတ္ ေလ့႐ွိ ပါတယ္.. ေျခာက္ေသြ႔တဲ့ ေဆာင္းရာသီ မွာ ပိုမို ဆိုး႐ြား တတ္ျပီး ေျခလက္ နဲ႔ ခႏၶာ ကိုယ္မွာ ျဖစ္ပြား တတ္ပါတယ္.. အသက္ အ႐ြယ္ ၾကီးသူမ်ား မွာ အျဖစ္ မ်ားးပါတယ္...
4. Seborrhoeic Eczema
   • ဒီအမ်ဳိး အစားဟာ ဆိုရင္ ဦးေရျပား၊ မ်က္ခံုး၊ မ်က္ႏွာ နဲ႔ တစ္ခါ တစ္ရံ ခႏၶာကိုယ္ ေပၚမွာ ေတြ႔ရ တတ္ပါတယ္.. ဦးေခါင္း တြင္ ျဖစ္တတ္ ေသာ ေဘာက္ (Dandruff) နဲ႔ မ်ားစြာ ဆင္တူ ျပီး biotin ဓါတ္ေလ်ာ့ နည္း၍ ျဖစ္ႏိုင္ ေျခ႐ွိျပီး အမ်ား အားျဖင့္ သက္သာ ေပ်ာက္ကင္း တတ္ပါတယ္..

အျခား အေတြ႔ ရနည္း ေသာ အမ်ဳိး အစား မ်ားလည္း မ်ားစြာ ႐ွိပါတယ္...

ႏွင္းခူ ျဖစ္ရ ျခင္း အေၾကာင္း ကို ေသခ်ာ စြာ မသိရ ေသးေသာ္ လည္း ဓါတ္မတည့္ျခင္း၊ စိတ္ဖိ စီးမႈ မ်ားျခင္း (Stress)၊ ဆပ္ျပာ ကဲ့သို႔ irritants မ်ား ထိေတြ႔မႈ၊ မ်ဳိး႐ိုး ဗီဇ စသည္ တို႔ႏွင့္ ဆက္စပ္ မႈ႐ွိ ေၾကာင္း ေတြ႔႐ွိ ရပါတယ္.. ႏွင္းခူ ရဲ႕ အဓိက ျဖစ္ေပၚ တဲ့ လကၡဏာ ေတြက ေတာ့ ယားယံျခင္း၊ အေရျပား ေျခာက္ေသြ႔ျခင္း၊ အနီေရာင္ သန္းလာျခင္း တို႔ျဖစ္ ပါတယ္.. မ်ားေသာ အားျဖင့္ အနီေရာင္ အကြက္ ေပၚတြင္ အေၾကးခြံ သ႑ာန္ အျဖဴ ဖတ္မ်ား လည္း ေတြ႔ရ တတ္ပါတယ္...

ႏွင္းခူ ကို လံုး၀ ေပ်ာက္ကင္း ေအာင္ ကုသ ႏိုင္ျခင္း မ႐ွိေသးပါ.. သက္သာ ေအာင္ႏွင့္ ထပ္မံ ျဖစ္ပြားမႈ နည္းေအာင္ ထိန္းသိမ္း ေပးေသာ ေဆးမ်ားသာ ႐ွိပါတယ္.. အဓိက အားျဖင့္ ေကာ္တီကို စတီး႐ြိဳက္ လိမ္းေဆး (Topical Corticosteroids) မ်ားကို အသံုး ျပဳရ ပါမယ္.. ျဖစ္ပြားမႈ ေပၚမူ တည္ျပီး အေပ်ာ့၊ အလယ္ အလတ္၊ အျပင္း လိမ္းေဆး မ်ားကို သံုးစြဲ သင့္ပါတယ္.. မ်က္ႏွာ နဲ႔ ႏူညံ့ အေရျပား ေပၚတြင္ အေပ်ာ့စား လိမ္းေဆး ကိုသာ သံုးစြဲ သင့္ပါတယ္.. အေပ်ာ့စား လိမ္းေဆး (Hydrocortisone, Desonide)၊ အလယ္ အလတ္ ျပင္းအား လိမ္းေဆး (Clobetasone butyrate, Betamethasone valerate) နဲ႔ အျပင္းစား လိမ္းေဆး (Clobetasol propionate, Fluocinonide) တုိ႔ကို သင့္ေတာ္ သလို သံုးစြဲ ရပါမယ္..ခႏၶာကိုယ္ ဓါတ္တုန္႔ ျပန္မႈ ေလ်ာ့က် ေစေသာ လိမ္းေဆး (Tacrolimus ointment) ကို ထိေရာက္ မႈ႐ွိသျဖင့္ သံုးစြဲ ေနၾက ပါတယ္... အလြန္ ျပင္းထန္ေသာ ႏွင္းခူ မ်ားအတြက္ Prednisolone စားေဆး၊ Triamcinolone ထိုးေဆး မ်ားကို အခ်ိန္တို အတြင္း အသံုး ျပဳႏိုင္ ပါတယ္.. ဘက္တီး ရီးယား ပိုး၀င္ ႏွင္းခူ အစို မ်ားအတြက္ ပဋိဇီ၀ လိမ္းေဆး ပါ တြဲေပး ရပါမယ္.. ယားယံ ျခင္းကို သက္သာ ေစရန္ antihistamine ေဆးမ်ား ကို ေပးရ ပါမယ္.. အိပ္ငိုက္ ေစေသာ ေဆး (sedative antihistamine) မ်ားဟာ မအိပ္ ငိုက္ေစေသာ ယားယံ မႈ သက္သာ ေစတဲ့ ေဆး (non-sedative antihistamine) မ်ားထက္ ပိုမို ေကာင္းမြန္ သက္သာ ေစေၾကာင္း ေတြ႔႐ွိ ရပါတယ္...

ေကာ္တီကို စတီး႐ြိဳက္ ေဆးမ်ားနဲ႔ မသက္သာ ေသာ ျပင္းထန္တဲ့ ႏွင္းခူမ်ား အတြက္ ခႏၶာကိုယ္ ခုခံမႈ ေလ်ာ့က် ေစေသာ (Immunosuppressant) ေဆး မ်ားကို ဆရာ၀န္ ၏ ၾကီးၾကပ္ မႈျဖင့္ သံုးစြဲ ႏိုင္ပါတယ္.. ၎ေဆး မ်ားဟာ ေဘးထြက္ ဆိုးက်ဳိး မ်ား႐ွိတဲ့ အတြက္ မိမိ သေဘာ အတိုင္း မသံုးစြဲ သင့္ပါဘူး.. UK မွာ ႏွင္းခူ အတြက္ သံုးစြဲ တဲ့ ေဆးမ်ား ကေတာ့ Ciclosporin (Cyclosporine), Azathioprine နဲ႔ Methotrexate တို႔ျဖစ္ျပီး US မွာေတာ့ Prednisolone ကို Immunosuppressant အျဖစ္ သံုးစြဲ ပါတယ္..

အသား အေရ ေျခာက္ေသြ႔ ျခင္းဟာ ႏွင္းခူ ကိုပိုမို ဆိုး႐ြား ေစတဲ့ အတြက္ ေျခာက္ေသြ႔ ျခင္းမ႐ွိ ေအာင္ Moisturizer မ်ား ကို အသံုး ျပဳျပီး အျမဲ ကာကြယ္ ထားရ ပါမယ္.. ေရခ်ဳိး ျပီး ၃ မိနစ္ အတြင္း Moisturizer cream (or) lotion ကို လိမ္းသင့္ ပါတယ္.. ဒါမွ သာ အသား အေရ ေပၚမွ ေရမ ေျခာက္ခင္ cream မွ ဖံုးအုပ္ ေပးျပီး စိုေျပ ေနေစမွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္.. ျပင္းထန္ စူး႐ွတဲ့ ဆပ္ျပာ ကို သံုးလွ်င္ အေရ ျပားရဲ႕ ပံုမွန္ အဆီ ကိုပ်က္စီး ေစတဲ့ အတြက္ အသံုး မျပဳ သင့္ပါ.. အဆီ ပါ၀င္ တဲ့ ဆပ္ျပာ (Oil or Fat base Soap) မ်ား ကိုသာ ေ႐ြးခ်ယ္ သံုးစြဲ သင့္ပါတယ္.. ဓါတ္မတည့္ ေရာဂါ ႐ွိသူ မ်ားသည္ မိမိႏွင့္ မတည့္သည့္ အစား အစာ မ်ားကို ဂ႐ုျပဳ ေ႐ွာင္႐ွား ရပါမယ္.. ေနအိမ္ တြင္း အမိႈက္ သ႐ိုက္ ဖံုမႈန္ မ်ားဟာ လည္း ႏွင္းခူ ျဖစ္ေစတဲ့ အေၾကာင္း တစ္ရပ္ ျဖစ္တဲ့ အတြက္ ကင္းစင္ ေအာင္ ေနထိုင္ သင့္ပါ ေၾကာင္း ေရးသား လိုက္ပါတယ္.. အားလံုး ေဘးဘယာ အေပါင္းမွ ကင္းေ၀း ၾကပါေစ...။

References;
http://www.medicinenet.com/eczema/article.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eczema

ဆက္လက္ဖတ္႐ႈရန္.....

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/eczema-causes-and-cures.html and Dr. Win Thein

Eczema Causes and Cures

Eczema is a skin disorder characterized by inflammation of the skin, recurring skin rashes and itching. In severe cases, blisters, cracks and crusts or flakes develop, which in turn cause bleeding. The term 'eczema' is typically used for a number of skin conditions, all of which are characterized by skin rashes, redness and inflammation. But the most common types of eczema are atopic eczema, contact dermatitis, xerotic eczema and seborrheic dermatitis.

Atopic eczema is one of the most common types of eczema, believed to have an association with allergic diseases, which are regarded as hereditary conditions. Contact dermatitis can be either an allergic reaction or caused by some irritants, like, sodium lauryl sulfate. On the other hand, xerotic eczema most often results from excessive dryness of skin, while seborrheic dermatitis is characterized by dryness and skin flaking, especially in areas like the scalp, eyebrows and face. The less common types of eczema include dyshidrosis, discoid eczema, venous eczema, dermatitis herpetiformis, neurodermatitis and autoeczematization.

Eczema Symptoms
Eczema is always accompanied by severe itching and skin rashes, which later may appear as dry and thick scaly areas. Eczema in babies can also cause blisters which may ooze out occasionally. The severe itching caused by this skin condition often compels the sufferer to scratch those areas, which can result in skin crusts. For some, the symptoms of eczema may last for a few hours while for others, they persist for several days. Though it can affect any part of the body, certain regions, like, face, neck, scalp, forearms and legs are found to be more frequently affected by eczema than other areas. Scalp, neck and face are also the most commonly affected areas in eczema in children. Now let's have brief look at the eczema causes and cures, which would help you to know more about this condition.

Eczema Causes and Cures
Knowledge of the causes and cures of eczema can help victims and their families in controlling the same.

Eczema Causes: Though the exact causes of eczema are still unknown to medical science, it is considered as a hyperactive immune response. This overactive immune reaction can be triggered by several unknown factors. As has been already mentioned , one of the most common types of eczema is atopic eczema, which is believed to have an association with heredity. Some people are supposed to have a genetic predisposition to develop hypersensitivity to certain substances which trigger overactive immune response. So, like asthma and hay fever, atopic eczema can be triggered by some environmental allergens, like, pollen, dust, dust mites, etc. Eczema can also indicate a problem with the digestive system or infection.

Besides this, it has been observed that certain foods can also exacerbate atopic eczema. On the other hand, another common type of eczema, contact dermatitis is caused by the exposure to certain substances that produce allergic reactions. Examples include soaps, animal hair, detergents, dyes, some metals or any coarse material. Many times, it can be triggered by temperature changes, cold and infection in the upper respiratory tract, while psychological stress can have an aggravating effect on the condition.

Eczema Cures: Conventional treatment options for eczema mainly concentrate on alleviating the symptoms, as no cure is available for this condition. In this regard, topical corticosteroids are the most often used medications for eczema. However, long term use of corticosteroids has been believed to cause skin thinning, while the high strength steroids, if absorbed into the body, can cause a condition called HPA axis suppression (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression).

But some recent studies have refuted many speculations about the side effects of topical corticosteroids, especially the belief that they increase the risk of skin thinning, HPA axis suppression and stretch marks. But, to be on the safer side, excessive use of corticosteroids for a long time is not advisable. At the same time, sufficient care should also be taken while applying them, especially in the areas near the eyes. Severe and acute outbreak of eczema may require oral corticosteroids or injections, which are again not meant for frequent use.

Topical immunomodulators are another treatment option for eczema, which help to inhibit the immune response in order to alleviate the symptoms. As the name suggests, immunomodulators basically suppress the immune system, however, it is suspected that excessive use of them can increase the risk of skin and lymph node cancer. These side effects though are yet to be established properly by concrete scientific evidences. Scratching of the affected areas may facilitate the entry of bacteria, in which case proper antibiotics would be required to prevent infection. Antihistamine medicines are also frequently used to get relief from itching caused by eczema.

Immunosuppressants are a class of drugs which come into the picture of eczema treatment, when all the other treatment options fail to deliver the desired results. They can bring about significant relief for eczema sufferers by suppressing the immune system. But, again, long term use may present several side effects, for which regular medical supervision is required.

Along with medications, certain preventive measures can help to reduce the frequency and severity of eczema flare ups. Keeping the skin well moisturized is often regarded as an effective way to keep the condition in check. Also important is to avoid the use of soaps and detergents that can cause dry skin and as a result worsen eczema symptoms. This is particularly true for contact dermatitis, for which soaps and detergents are some of the common triggers. At the same time, one should remain vigilant against the specific environmental allergens associated with allergies, as they too can aggravate the condition.

Diet and nutrition can play a major role in managing eczema. Many believe that atopic dermatitis can be triggered by some specific foods. The most common food items found to be associated with this condition are dairy products, soy products, eggs, nuts, wheat, maize and caffeine. On the other hand, sea water, turmeric and neem paste, spearmint leaf juice, virgin coconut oil, evening primrose oil are considered as natural eczema treatments. Similarly, sulfur, if applied on the affected area can help eczema patients. However, it is important to diagnose the condition by consulting an experienced physician to ensure proper treatment. It would help to find out the root causes of the eczema, so that they can be properly addressed to prevent its frequency and complications in the long run. Hope this article would have helped to answer some of your common queries regarding eczema causes and cures.
By Chandramita Bora

Labels: Health-IV