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916.. အပ်ိဳေျမွးျပန္ထည့္ေပးျခင္း ( Hymenoplasty )

 
အပ်ိဳေျမွးျပန္ထည့္ေပးျခင္း ( Hymenoplasty  )



အပ်ိဳေျမွးျပန္ထည့္ေပးျခင္း ( Hymenoplasty  )

ကမၻာေပၚရွိ ဖြံ႔ျဖိဳးျပီး ႏိုင္ငံမ်ားတြင္ လက္ထပ္ခါနီး သတို႔သမီးေလာင္းမ်ားသည္ "အပ်ိဳစင္ ျဖစ္ေအာင္ ခြဲစိတ္ျပင္ဆင္မွဳ"

('virginity repair) ဟုေခၚေသာ ခြဲစိတ္ျပဳျပင္မွဳမ်ိဳးကို လက္မထပ္မီ ျပဳလုပ္မွဳမ်ား သိသာစြာ ျမင့္တက္လာေနေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။

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ျဗိတိန္တြင္ ေဆးခန္းသီးသန္႔ ထိုင္ေသာ ဆရာ၀န္မ်ားထံမွ ေကာက္ယူထားေသာ စစ္တမ္းမ်ားအရ ဤကဲ့သို႔ေသာ ခြဲစိတ္မွဳမ်ိဳးကို ျပဳလုပ္ရန္ လာေရာက္ ေဆြးေႏြးေသာ အမ်ိဳးသမီးအေရအတြက္သည္ အမ်ားဆံုး ေန႔မ်ားတြင္ တစ္ေန႔ကို သံုးဦးအထိပင္ ရွိေၾကာင္း၊ ထိုအမ်ိဳးသမီးမ်ားသည္ ေဆးပညာအရ Hymenoplasty (အပ်ိဳေျမွးျပန္ထည့္ေပးျခင္း) ဟုေခၚေသာ ထိုခြဲစိတ္မွဳ၏ ရလဒ္ကို မဂၤလာဦးညတြင္ "သူတို႔သည္ ထိုည မတိုင္မီ ေယာက်္ားႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္ေသာ အေတြ႔အၾကံဳ လံုး၀မရွိဘဲ ျဖဴစင္ပါသည္" ဟူေသာ လွည့္စားခ်က္အေနျဖင့္ အသံုးခ်ရန္ ရည္ရြယ္ၾကျပီး ခြဲစိတ္မွဳမွ အသက္အႏၱရာယ္ပင္ မမွဳဘဲ ခံယူလာၾကသည္ဟု ေတြ႔ရွိရသည္။

အဆိုပါ ခြဲစိတ္မွဳမ်ိဳးကို လန္ဒန္ျမိဳ႕ Harley Street အထူးကုစင္တာတြင္ ေပါင္ ၁၈၅၀ ယူ၍ ျပဳလုပ္ေပးေနက်၀ါရင့္ခြဲစိတ္အထူးကု တစ္ဦး၏ ေျပာစကားအရ လြန္ခဲ့ေသာ ႏွစ္မ်ားကႏွင့္ ယွဥ္လွ်င္ပင္ ယခုႏွစ္၌ ဤခြဲစိတ္မွဳမ်ိဳး ခံယူရန္ လာေရာက္ျပသမွဳ အေရအတြက္ ၃ ဆခန္႔ တိုးျမင့္လာခဲ့ေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။

ထိုခြဲစိတ္မွဳသည္ အမ်ိဳးသမီး တစ္ဦး၏ အပ်ိဳေျမွးကို ေမြးရာပါ သဘာ၀အတိုင္း (အပ်ိဳစင္မ်ားအတိုင္း) ျပန္လည္တပ္ဆင္ေပးေသာ လုပ္ငန္းစဥ္ျဖစ္ျပီး ခြဲစိတ္ခံရျပီးသူ၏ အပ်ိဳေျမွးပါးသည္ မဂၤလာဦးညတြင္ ျပန္လည္ ေပါက္ျပဲကာ (အပ်ိဳစင္မ်ားအတိုင္း) ေသြးထြက္ဦးမည္ ျဖစ္သည္။ ဤကဲ့သို႔ ဘ၀တစ္ေလ်ာက္လံုးႏွင့္ခ်ီ၍ လြန္စြာ အေရးပါေသာ ခြဲစိတ္မွဳသည္ နာရီ၀က္ခန္႔သာ ၾကာျမင့္မည္ ျဖစ္ျပီး ထံုေဆးျဖင့္ပင္ လန္ဒန္ျမိဳ႕ရွိ Regency ေဆးခန္းတြင္ Consultant Gynaecologist (အတိုင္ပင္ခံ သားဖြားမီးယပ္ အထူးကုဆရာ၀န္ၾကီး) ေဒါက္တာ မက္ဂ္ဒီဟန္းက ျပဳလုပ္ေပးေနျပီး ၁၈၅၀ ေပါင္ က်သင့္မည္ ျဖစ္ကာ အခ်ိဳ႕ေနရာမ်ားတြင္မူ ေပါင္ ၄၀၀၀ (ျမန္မာေငြ သိန္း ၆၀ နီးပါး) အထိ ေစ်းေပါက္ေနသည္ဟု သိရသည္။

ထိုခြဲစိတ္မွဳသည္ ေဆးပညာအရ တရား၀င္ခံယူခြင့္ ရွိျပီး ခြဲစိတ္ခံယူသူ မည္သူကမွ် အမည္၊ လိပ္စာစေသာ ကိုယ္ေရးအခ်က္မ်ားကို အမွန္မေပးၾကဟု သိရသည္။ လူမွဳေရးပံုမွားရိုက္ လွည့္ဖ်ားျခင္းတစ္ခုအျဖစ္ သက္ေရာက္မွဳ ရွိေနေသာ္လည္း ဥပေဒအရ တားျမစ္ပိတ္ပင္ပိုင္ခြင့္ ျပဌာန္းျခင္းကို မည္သည့္သတင္းတြင္မွ လက္ရွိ သတင္းေရးေနသည့္ အခ်ိန္အထိ မၾကားရေသးပါ။

အဆိုပါဆရာ၀န္ၾကီးက "ဟိုးအရင္တုန္းက ဆိုရင္ တစ္ပတ္မွ ဒီခြဲစိတ္မွဳမ်ိဳး တစ္ခုႏွစ္ခုဆိုတာ အလြန္ဆံုးပါပဲ။ ဒါကလည္း က်န္းမာေရးျပႆနာ တစ္ခုခုေၾကာင့္သာ ျဖစ္ျပီး အခုလို လူမွဳေရးကိစၥသေဘာမ်ိဳးအတြက္ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။ အခုေတာ့ တစ္ေန႔တည္းေတာင္ ၂ ခု သို႔မဟုတ္ ၃ခု ေလာက္ လုပ္ေပးေနရပါတယ္။ ခြဲစိတ္မွဳ ခံခ်င္သူ အားလံုးနီးပါးဟာ မဂၤလာ ေဆာင္ေတာ့မယ့္ သူေတြ ျဖစ္ျပီး တစ္ခ်ိန္က သူတို႔ရဲ့ အေတြ႔အၾကံဳ အျဖစ္အပ်က္ေတြကို သူတို႔ရဲ့ သတို႔သားနဲ႔ မိသားစုေတြ မသိေအာင္ ဖံုးကြယ္ခ်င္ၾကတဲ့ သေဘာ ရွိၾကပါတယ္။ ဒါဟာ ဘာသာေရး သေဘာမဟုတ္ဘဲ လူမွဳေရးသေဘာ ေဆာင္ေနပါတယ္။ အကယ္၍ သတို႔သမီးတစ္ေယာက္ဟာ မဂၤလာဦးညမွာ ေသြးမထြက္လို႔ အပ်ိဳမဟုတ္ဘူးလို႔ သတ္မွတ္ခံရရင္ ဒါဟာ မိသားစုနဲ႔ သူ႔အတြက္ အၾကီးအက်ယ္ ရွက္စရာပဲ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီလိုျဖစ္လို႔ ေယာက်္ားက သူ႔ကို စြန္႔ခြာသြားမွာ၊ တစ္ဘ၀လံုး သံသယနဲ႔ ျငိဳျငင္ေနမွာ အမ်ိဳးသမီးတိုင္း အရမ္းေၾကာက္ၾကပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ ဒီလို ခြဲစိတ္မွဳေတြအေၾကာင္း တစ္ဆင့္တစ္ဆင့္ ၾကားသိလာၾကျပီး လုပ္ဖို႔ အရမ္းဆႏၵ ရွိလာၾကတာ ျဖစ္ပါမယ္" ဟု ေျပာျပခဲ့သည္။


Consultant Surgeon (အတိုင္ပင္ခံ ခြဲစိတ္ဆရာ၀န္ၾကီး) ေဒါက္တာ အက္ရွ္မိုစာဘီ ကမူ "ဒီေန႔ေခတ္ ႏိုင္ငံအသီးသီးမွာ အေနာက္တိုင္းယဥ္ေက်းမွဳ လႊမ္းမိုးေသာ ေနထိုင္မွဳပံုစံ (westernized lifestyles) ေတြကို လက္ခံက်င့္သံုး ေနထိုင္သူေတြ အရမ္းမ်ားျပားေနျပီး ဒီလိုေနရတာကို အတုယူသေဘာက်တဲ့ စိတ္နဲ႔ မိမိရဲ့ အရွက္သိကၡာကို ရရာနည္းနဲ႔ ထိန္းခ်င္ၾကတဲ့ စိတ္ ထိပ္တိုက္ေတြ႔ၾကတာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ မိန္းမတစ္ေယာက္အေနနဲ႔ ဘာကိုမွမမွဳဘူး ဆိုသည့္တိုင္ေအာင္ မဂၤလာဦးညမွာ အဆင္မေျပ ျဖစ္ခဲ့ရင္ အၾကီးအက်ယ္ ျပစ္တင္ရွံဳ႕ခ်စရာ ျဖစ္ျပီဆိုတဲ့ အျဖစ္ကိုေတာ့ မွဳပါတယ္။ ဒီလိုျဖစ္မွာ ေၾကာက္ရင္ အေစာကတည္းက ကိုယ့္ဘ၀ကိုကိုယ္ တန္ဖိုးထားထိန္းသိမ္းသင့္တာေပါ့။ အားလံုးျပီးသြားေတာ့မွ ခြဲစိတ္ခန္းထဲ၀င္ျပီး အပ်ိဳစင္ဘ၀ ျပန္ရခ်င္တယ္ဆိုတာေတာ့ တကယ္စိတ္ပ်က္စရာ တစ္မ်ိဳးပါပဲ" ဟု သူ၏ ကိုယ္ပိုင္အျမင္ကို ပြင့္လင္းစြာ ထုတ္ေဖာ္ ေျပာဆိုခဲ့သည္။

၄င္းႏွင့္အတူပင္ ထိုခြဲစိတ္မွဳမ်ိဳးကို ဥပေဒထုတ္ တားျမစ္သင့္သည္ဟူေသာ ေတာင္းဆိုျခင္းမ်ားလည္း ေပၚေပါက္ေနေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။ သို႔ရာတြင္ ျဗိတိန္က်န္းမာေရးဦးစီးဌာန၏ ေျပာေရးဆိုခြင့္ရွိသူ အမ်ိဳးသမီးတစ္ဦးက ၄င္းတို႔၏ NHS ေခၚ National Healthcare Services ပိုင္ေဆးရံုမ်ားတြင္ အပ်ိဳေျမွး ျပန္လည္တပ္ဆင္ေပးေသာ ခြဲစိတ္မွဳကို က်န္းမာေရးႏွင့္ စိတ္ပိုင္းဆိုင္ရာ လိုအပ္မွဳမ်ား အတြက္သာ ျပဳလုပ္ေပးလ်က္ ရွိျပီး မည္သည့္ လူမွဳေရးအေၾကာင္းျပခ်က္ အတြက္ႏွင့္မွ ျပဳလုပ္ေပးျခင္းမရွိေၾကာင္း ျငင္းခ်က္ထုတ္ ေျပာဆိုသြားသည္။

Ref: Dailymail

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More women becoming virgins again with hymen replacement operations on the NHS


The half hour hymenoplasty procedure can cost up to £4,000  privately

The half hour hymenoplasty procedure can cost up to £4,000 to be done privately

Increasing numbers of women are having taxpayer-funded 'virginity repair' operations before marriage.

There were 116 hymen replacement operations carried out on the NHS between 2005 and 2009. The total for 2009 was 30, up 25 per cent from 24 in 2005.

The health service figures, which do not include data on the religion or marital status of the individuals, seem to echo a trend reported by private clinics, which are seeing a huge surge in demand for the procedure from Muslim women paying up to £4,000.

One Harley Street clinic said that demand for its half-hour procedure had tripled in recent months.

Doctors say patients are under pressure from future husbands or relatives who insist that they should be virgins on their wedding night.

Critics, including moderate Muslim groups, have condemned the trend as a sign of the spread of Islamic fundamentalism in the West.




During the hymenoplasty procedure – viewed by some as invasive and degrading – the hymen is stitched or reconstructed so that it will tear again and bleed on the woman's wedding night.

In some cases, the vaginal lining can be used to create a false hymen. A blood capsule can then be inserted into the lining to ensure realistic blood flow when the membrane is broken.

Consultant gynaecologist Dr Magdy Hend performs hymenoplasty under local anaesthetic at his Regency Clinic on Harley Street. He charges £1,850 for the half-hour procedure and says that most of his clients are Muslim women.

He said: 'In the past, we would do one or two hymen reconstruction operations a week. Sometimes now, we get two or three women a day. Demand has tripled.

'Our Muslim clients worry about having had sex, and their fiance and family knowing that they have been touched before.

'It is more cultural rather than religious. If the bride is not a virgin and does not bleed on the wedding night, it is a big shame on the family. There have been honour killings in extreme cases.


'It is simple surgery that takes only half an hour. They can have it done at lunchtime and do not have to give their real names and addresses.'

Imam Dr Taj Hargey, chairman of the Muslim Educational Centre in Oxford, called on the Muslim community to try to reverse the trend.

He said: 'The situation is very common in the Middle East where there is a huge scandal that can lead to divorce or even honour killings if there are not bloodstained bed sheets after the wedding night.

'It is very disappointing that Muslim women in this country feel they need to lead a double life, resorting to subterfuge surgery.

'That is not conducive to either their psychological or spiritual health and it is hypocrisy and double standards because Muslim men are doing as they please with women.'

There have been calls for a ban on NHS surgeons carrying out the operations for women wanting to marry as virgins.

But a Department of Health spokesman insisted that hymen repair operations take place on the NHS only to ensure a patient's physical or psychological health.

She said: 'The NHS does not fund hymen repair operations for cultural reasons. All operations on the NHS are on the basis of clinical need.

'Operations to repair the hymen are only carried out exceptionally to secure physical or psychological health.'

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Taxpayers covering the cost of more 'virginity repair' operations

By Lynn Curwin.

Women, mainly Muslim, are having operations known as "virginity repair" before they get married, and many of these surgeries are being done at the expense of British taxpayers.
The Daily Mail reported that during the last five years, 116 hymen repair operations have been undertaken at the taxpayer's expense. It is believed that thousands more are paying as much as £4,000 to have a hymenoplasty done privately. During 2009, National Health Service surgeons carried out 30 of the half-hour procedures. It is supposed to be available on the NHS for physical and psychological reasons. Private practitioners have said the increased demand in the operation been mainly due to Muslim women who want to convince new husbands that they have not had sex before marriage. During the operation the hymen is reconstructed so that it will tear and bleed again. Consultant gynaecologist Dr Magdy Hend, who performs hymenoplasty at his Regency Clinic on London's Harley Street, told The Daily Mail that his practice used to see one or two women coming in each week for the procedure. Now they sometimes get two or three in a day. 'The majority of our clients are Muslim women," he told the paper. "They worry about having had sex and their fiancé and family knowing that they have been touched before. 'It is more cultural rather religious. If the bride is not a virgin and does not bleed on the wedding night, it is a big shame on the family. 'The woman fears that the husband will walk out, divorce or humiliate her all her life. There have been honour killings in extreme cases. 'It is simple surgery that takes only half an hour. They can have it done at lunchtime and do not have to give their real names and addresses. They are paying up to £4,000 at other clinics." Imam Dr Taj Hargey, chairman of the Muslim Educational Centre in Oxford, said the increase in the number of hymenoplasties is disturbing, "The situation is very common in the Middle East, where there is a huge scandal that can lead to divorce or even honour killings if there are not bloodstained bed sheets after the wedding night," he said. "It is very disappointing that Muslim women in this country feel they need to lead a double life, resorting to subterfuge surgery. "That is not conducive to either their psychological or spiritual health and it is hypocrisy and double standards because Muslim men are doing as they please with women." A Department of Health spokeswoman said that hymenoplasties are only carried on the NHS to ensure a patient's "physical or psychological health" not for cultural reasons.

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